Author: Shadab Chow

  • Hiccups

    Hiccups Hiccups Definition and Description of Hiccups Hiccups, medically referred to as singultus, are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm muscle. These contractions are followed by a sudden closure of the vocal cords, which produces the distinctive “hic” sound. Hiccups can occur at any age and typically resolve on their own. While often seen as a…

  • Hiatal Hernia

    Hiatal Hernia Definition and Description of Hiatal Hernia Hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen and plays a key role in breathing. A hiatal hernia can be classified into two main types: sliding…

  • HHT

    HHT Definition and Description of HHT Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder affecting blood vessels, characterized by the presence of abnormal vascular malformations. Individuals with HHT experience telangiectasias, or small, dilated blood vessels, which can lead to recurrent nosebleeds and other bleeding complications. Medically, HHT is classified as an autosomal dominant condition, meaning…

  • Hereditary Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia (HNHA)

    Hereditary Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia (HNHA) Definition and Description of Hereditary Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia (HNHA) Hereditary Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia (HNHA) is a genetic condition characterized by an abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis). Unlike other forms of anemia, HNHA does not involve the formation of spherocytes, which are typically seen in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. This…

  • Hereditary Angioedema

    Hereditary Angioedema Definition and Description of Hereditary Angioedema Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling (angioedema) in various parts of the body. These episodes can span from the face, limbs, gastrointestinal tract, to the airways, leading to potential life-threatening complications. The swelling results from an imbalance in…

  • HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

    HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Definition and Description of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer HER2-Positive Breast Cancer is a type of breast cancer characterized by the overexpression of the Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) protein. This protein promotes the growth of cancer cells. Approximately 15-20% of breast cancers are HER2-positive, and it is associated with a more…

  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma

    Hepatocellular Carcinoma Definition and Description of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and accounts for approximately 75% of all primary liver cancer cases. It typically arises from the hepatocytes, which are the main functional cells in the liver. HCC is characterized by the proliferation of malignant cells, often…

  • Hepatitis

    Hepatitis B Definition and Description of Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver, causing inflammation and leading to both acute and chronic diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Hepatitis B is one of the major global health challenges, with an estimated 296 million people living with the infection…

  • Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)

    Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) Definition and Description of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is a type of small-vessel vasculitis primarily affecting children. It is characterized by the inflammation of blood vessels, which leads to a triad of symptoms: a purplish rash, abdominal pain, and joint inflammation. This condition is also known as IgA vasculitis, as…

  • Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Hereditary (HHT)

    Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Hereditary (HHT) Definition and Description of Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Hereditary (HHT) Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Hereditary (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of abnormal blood vessels. These blood vessels tend to be fragile and can lead to frequent nosebleeds, as well as other bleeding complications in various organs,…