Author: Shadab Chow

  • Transthyretin Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy

    Transthyretin Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: Definition and Description of Transthyretin Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: Transthyretin Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (ATTR-FAP) is a rare hereditary disorder caused by the accumulation of amyloid proteins in various tissues and organs, particularly affecting peripheral nerves. ATTR-FAP is related to the misfolding of transthyretin (TTR), a protein produced by the liver that is…

  • Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

    Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Definition and Description of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), often referred to as a mini-stroke, is a medical condition characterized by a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain. This interruption typically lasts only a few minutes—usually less than 24 hours—and does not cause permanent damage.…

  • Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis

    Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis: Definition and Description of Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis: Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis (TAD) is a benign dermatological condition characterized by the presence of acantholysis, which is the loss of connections between keratinocytes in the epidermis. This disorder typically appears as erythematous lesions with vesicular or bullous formations, commonly observed in the trunk, axillae, and…

  • Toxoplasmosis

    Toxoplasmosis: Definition and Description of Toxoplasmosis: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite is found worldwide and can infect most warm-blooded animals, including humans. It is primarily transmitted through ingestion of oocysts from contaminated food, water, soil, or contact with infected cat feces. In healthy individuals, the infection often…

  • Toxic Shock Syndrome

    Toxic Shock Syndrome: Definition and Description of Toxic Shock Syndrome: Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare but serious condition caused by bacterial toxins that can lead to severe illness and even death. It is most commonly associated with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. TSS can occur in both males and females, and…

  • Toxic Paralytic Anemia

    Toxic Paralytic Anemia: Definition and Description of Toxic Paralytic Anemia: Toxic Paralytic Anemia is a rare form of anemia characterized by the reduction of red blood cells and associated paralysis caused by toxic substances. This condition can arise due to exposure to various toxins, leading to the impairment of erythropoiesis—the process of producing red blood…

  • Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

    Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Definition and Description of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a severe skin condition characterized by the widespread detachment of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. This rare disorder is often a reaction to medications, and it is marked by flu-like symptoms followed by painful skin lesions that…

  • Tourette’s Syndrome

    Tourette’s Syndrome: Definition and Description of Tourette’s Syndrome: Tourette’s Syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements and vocalizations known as tics. It often begins in childhood and is classified as a tic disorder alongside chronic tic disorder and provisional tic disorder. Tics can be motor (e.g., blinking, head jerking) or vocal (e.g., grunting,…

  • Torular Meningitis

    Torular Meningitis: Definition and Description of Torular Meningitis: Torular Meningitis is a rare type of meningitis characterized by inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, caused specifically by the fungal organism Exserohilum rostratum. This condition is often associated with immunocompromised states, leading to significant morbidity if not identified and treated promptly.…

  • Torticollis

    Torticollis: Definition and Description of Torticollis: Torticollis, commonly known as “twisted neck,” is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position. It can result in the neck twisting to one side, causing discomfort and difficulty in head movement. This condition can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life.…