Author: Shadab Chow

  • Torsion Dystonia

    Torsion Dystonia: Definition and Description of Torsion Dystonia: Torsion dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, resulting in twisted and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. This condition often affects both the body and limbs, causing significant discomfort and impairment in daily activities. It is classified as a type of dystonia, which is…

  • Torn Rotator Cuff

    Torn Rotator Cuff: Definition and Description of Torn Rotator Cuff: A torn rotator cuff refers to a common shoulder injury where one or more of the four tendons surrounding the shoulder joint become damaged or detached. These tendons, which connect the shoulder muscles to the bone, play a critical role in enabling various shoulder movements,…

  • TORCH Syndrome

    TORCH Syndrome: Definition and Description of TORCH Syndrome: TORCH Syndrome is a complex of congenital infections that can lead to a variety of serious health problems in newborns. The acronym “TORCH” stands for Toxoplasmosis, Other (which includes infections like syphilis), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). These infections are especially concerning when contracted…

  • Torch Infection

    Torch Infection: Definition and Description of Torch Infection: Torch Infection refers to a group of congenital infections that can affect a developing fetus during pregnancy. The acronym ‘TORCH’ stands for Toxoplasmosis, Other infections (such as syphilis, varicella and parvovirus), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). These infections can lead to severe developmental issues,…

  • Tooth Decay

    Tooth Decay: Definition and Description of Tooth Decay: Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, refers to the process where the tooth structure is compromised due to the demineralization caused by acids produced by bacteria. When sugars and starches from food interact with the bacteria in dental plaque, they produce acids that can…

  • Tonsillitis

    Tonsillitis: Definition and Description of Tonsillitis: Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, which are two oval-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue located at the back of the throat. This condition can be caused by viral or bacterial infections and is most commonly seen in children, although it can occur at any age. Symptoms typically include…

  • Tonic Pupil Syndrome

    Tonic Pupil Syndrome: Definition and Description of Tonic Pupil Syndrome: Tonic Pupil Syndrome, also known as Adie’s pupil, is a neurological condition characterized by an abnormal dilation of one pupil, which reacts slowly to light but may constrict normally to near vision. This syndrome occurs due to damage to the ciliary ganglion, leading to a…

  • Tongue-Tie

    Tongue-Tie: Definition and Description of Tongue-Tie: Tongue-tie, medically known as ankyloglossia, is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short or thick frenulum, the band of tissue that connects the bottom of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. This restriction can limit the tongue’s range of motion, which may affect feeding, speech, and…

  • Tongue, Hairy

    Tongue, Hairy: Definition and Description of Tongue, Hairy: Tongue, hairy, formally known as lingua villosa, is a condition characterized by an abnormal elongation and darkening of the filiform papillae on the tongue’s surface. This results in a hair-like appearance. The condition can be benign but may indicate other underlying health issues. The tongue may present…

  • Tongue, Geographic

    Tongue, Geographic: Definition and Description of Tongue, Geographic: Tongue geographic, also known as geographic tongue or benign migratory glossitis, is a condition characterized by irregular patches on the surface of the tongue. These patches are typically red and bordered by white outlines, resembling a map, hence the name ‘geographic’. While the exact cause remains unknown,…