Author: Shadab Chow

  • Oral Health

    Oral Health: Definition and Description of Oral Health: Oral health refers to the overall health of the mouth, teeth, gums, and related structures. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is not only about the absence of disease but also about the ability to speak, smile, eat, and show emotions without discomfort or pain.…

  • Oral Galvanism

    Oral Galvanism: Definition and Description of Oral Galvanism: Oral galvanism refers to the phenomenon where an electrical current is generated in the mouth, often due to the presence of metallic dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, or fillings made from different metals, which can react with saliva. This condition can lead to a variety of…

  • Oral Cancer

    Oral Cancer: Definition and Description of Oral Cancer: Oral cancer refers to the development of malignant cells within the tissues of the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the palate. It is a type of head and neck cancer and can manifest in various forms, including squamous cell carcinoma,…

  • Optic Neuromyelitis

    Optic Neuromyelitis: Definition and Description of Optic Neuromyelitis: Optic neuromyelitis, also known as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disorder primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. Characterized by significant damage to myelin, the protective layer surrounding nerve fibers, this condition can lead to severe neurological symptoms. Patients may experience sudden vision…

  • Opthalmoneuromyelitis

    Opthalmoneuromyelitis: Definition and Description of Opthalmoneuromyelitis: Opthalmoneuromyelitis, often classified as a central nervous system inflammatory disorder, is characterized by the simultaneous inflammation of the optic nerves, spinal cord, and brain. This condition is closely related to multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, with a specific focus on eye and spinal cord involvement. It primarily presents as…

  • Opportunistic Infections

    Opportunistic Infections: Definition and Description of Opportunistic Infections: Opportunistic infections are infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems compared to those with healthy immune responses. These infections are caused by pathogens that usually do not cause disease in people with intact immune defenses but can thrive and…

  • Oophorectomy

    Oophorectomy: Definition and Description of Oophorectomy: Oophorectomy refers to the surgical removal of one or both ovaries, which are integral components of the female reproductive system. This procedure can be performed unilaterally (removing one ovary) or bilaterally (removing both). Oophorectomy is typically indicated in cases such as ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or in conjunction with a…

  • Olecranon Bursitis

    Olecranon Bursitis: Definition and Description of Olecranon Bursitis: Olecranon bursitis, commonly referred to as “student’s elbow,” is an inflammation of the bursa located at the tip of the elbow. The bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bones and soft tissues. In the case of olecranon bursitis, the bursa located…

  • Ohio Type Amyloidosis (Type VII)

    Ohio Type Amyloidosis (Type VII): Definition and Description of Ohio Type Amyloidosis (Type VII): Ohio Type Amyloidosis, also referred to as Type VII, is a rare form of amyloidosis characterized by the deposition of amyloid protein in various tissues and organs within the body, leading to impairment of normal function. It is part of a…

  • Oculosympathetic Palsy

    Oculosympathetic Palsy: Definition and Description of Oculosympathetic Palsy: Oculosympathetic Palsy, also known as Horner’s syndrome, is a neurological condition that results from disruption of the sympathetic pathways supplying the eye and its associated structures. It is characterized by a triad of symptoms: ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and anhidrosis (lack of…