Tag: diagnosis

  • IC

    IC Definition and Description of IC Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic condition characterized by pelvic pain and increased urinary urgency and frequency. While the exact cause of IC remains unknown, it is considered a bladder condition that affects the relationship between the bladder and surrounding tissues. In medical terms, IC is classified as a…

  • Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS)

    Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) Definition and Description of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated aging in children. The term “progeria” comes from Greek, meaning “prematurely old.” HGPS is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene, which produces the Lamin A protein essential for…

  • Human Cyclic Neutropenia

    Human Cyclic Neutropenia Definition and Description of Human Cyclic Neutropenia Human Cyclic Neutropenia is a rare blood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of low neutrophil counts, which are crucial components of the immune system. This condition typically manifests in cycles, with neutrophil levels dropping to significantly low levels over a period of approximately 21 days,…

  • Human Cytomegalovirus Infection

    Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Definition and Description of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is caused by the cytomegalovirus, a member of the herpesvirus family. This virus is widespread and can infect individuals of all ages. While it often lies dormant in the body after initial infection, it can reactivate, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. HCMV…

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Definition and Description of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial for fighting off infections. If left untreated, HIV reduces the number of these cells, making the body more vulnerable to infections…

  • Huntington’s Disease (HD)

    Huntington’s Disease (HD) Definition and Description of Huntington’s Disease (HD) Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a genetic mutation in the HTT gene. This mutation leads to the production of a toxic protein, which gradually damages brain cells, particularly in areas that control movement, mood, and cognition. The condition typically manifests…

  • Hurler Disease

    Hurler Disease Definition and Description of Hurler Disease Hurler Disease, also known as mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), is a rare genetic disorder caused by the deficiency of an enzyme called alpha-L-iduronidase. This enzyme is crucial for breaking down certain complex carbohydrates, known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), in the body. The accumulation of these GAGs can…

  • Hirsutism

    Hirsutism Definition and Description of Hirsutism Hirsutism is a medical condition characterized by excessive hair growth in women in areas where men typically grow hair, such as the face, chest, and back. This condition results from an imbalance in hormone levels, particularly increased androgen levels. The degree of hair growth varies among individuals, and it…

  • Histiocytosis X

    Histiocytosis X Definition and Description of Histiocytosis X Histiocytosis X, now recognized as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), is a rare disorder characterized by an overproduction of Langerhans cells, which are a type of white blood cell that participates in the immune response. This condition can manifest in various forms, affecting both adults and children, and…

  • HIV

    HIV Definition and Description of HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections. Without treatment, HIV can lead to the disease known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The virus is primarily transmitted through blood, sexual contact, and from…